Influenza

Since March 2024, the Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreak in dairy cows has spread across multiple USA states and is linked to several human cases and cases in other mammals commonly found on farms. Given the spread of the disease, cow-to-cow transmission is highly likely, which highlights the need for strict biosecurity measures. Infected cows show reduced milk production and mastitis in over 90% of cases.

Infected cats, raccoons, and poultry found on affected farms likely contracted the virus from contaminate draw milk. Human cases are linked to direct exposure to infected animals, with mild symptoms reported. These outbreaks underscore the need for integrated One Health strategies, including wildlife monitoring, farm biosecurity, human health precautions, and stringent food safety measures to control the virus and protect both animal and human health.

Please find attached an overview of HPAI infections in cows and humans up to July 2024.

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Recent modifications of wild bird’s migration patterns and likely genetic mutations of the Avian Influenza virus have increased its capacity replicate and to infect a broader range of bird species and mammals. Increasing the risk of viral transmission to humans.

During the season2021-2022, a record-breaking number of cases have been reported in Europe and in the United States, where the disease may have become endemic, and more than 100 million birds have been culled. Several technological and trade challenges are hindering the acceptance of vaccines as control tools. However, given that the spread of the disease shows no signs of slowing down and the increasing unacceptance for mass animal culling interventions, the European commission is exploring the possibility of developing a vaccination strategy and discussing the acceptability of vaccination in international trade.

See attached document for an overview of the Global situation related to Avian Influenza.